Mannosereceptortargetingbymannosylatedliposomeshasbeendemonstratedforavarietyofmannosylatedlipidconjugatesinavarietyofliposomemorphologiesandcompositionsinseveraldifferent invitro and invivo models.Thereareseveralpublicationsusingahydrophobicderivativeofmannose(4-aminophenylα-D-mannopyranoside) ratherthanusingamannosylatedlipidinClodronateliposomes.Thisismainlyduetothehighcostandcomplexityofsynthesizingandconjugatingmannosetolipid. 4-aminophenylα-D-mannopyranosideiscommerciallyavailableandfarlessexpensivethansynthesizingmannoseconjugatedlipid.
Whymannose?Mannoseisoneofthecarbohydratecomponentsofmanybacterialandviralcellsurfaces;therefore,theever-efficient,highlyredundantimmunesystemhasevolvedmultiplemechanismsforidentifyingpathogensbasedonmannoserecognition.Theanimalandplantkingdomslikewiseutilizecarbohydraterecognitionsignalingmechanismsincludingmannoseresidues.Manypublicationsevaluateothercarbohydratesastargetingmechanismsforvariouscelltypes,howevermannosetargetingtophagocytesappearstobeoneofthemorespecificmechanismsidentifiedtodate.Mammaliancellsurfaceidentificationmoleculesbasedonmannosebinding,suchastheICAMfamilyofleukocyteadhesionmolecules,targettheSIGNfamilyofmannosereceptorstoaccomplishself-recognition invivo.
Awell-knownandcitedstudybyUmezawa&Eto [1]demonstratesthatliposomescontainingaminophenylmannosideweremostefficientlyincorporatedintothemousebrainacrossthebloodbrainbarrier.TherADIolabeledliposomesbearingaminophenyl
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